Biosensor Based on Electrochemical Analysis for Staphylococcus aureus Detection with Molecular Imprinted Polymer Technique

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) is one of the most common hospital-acquired pathogens and poses a serious threat to patients with weakened immune systems. Transmission can occur through foodborne illness, skin infections, abscess formation, and bloodstream invasion. The most severe complication arises when <i>S. aureus</i> infects the heart, leading to valve damage and potentially progressing to heart failure. In addition, many strains have developed strong resistance to conventional antibiotic therapies, making treatment increasingly difficult. These challenges highlight the importance of early detection for effective prevention and management. This research focuses on the development of a polymer composite incorporating hydroxyproline for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) designed for the rapid detection of <i>S. aureus</i>. The sensing platform, based on electrochemical principles, enabled sensitive and efficient analysis of bacterial samples. The sensor exhibited a broad analytical range, detecting <i>S. aureus</i> from 1 to 10,000 CFU/mL, with a detection limit as low as 1.031 CFU/mL. Selectivity testing against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> confirmed high specificity toward <i>S. aureus</i>. These findings highlight the potential of this MIP-based electrochemical sensor as a reliable tool for rapid bacterial detection in clinical and environmental settings.