Development and application of a wipe sampling method for detection of antibiotic surface contamination in hospital wards

A widespread environmental contamination of antibiotics was observed in hospital wards that potentially can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as well as health impacts of exposed personnel. Probable sources include compounding, handling and administration of drug tablets, antibiotic contaminated waste as well as other sources such as excretions from patients and contaminated drug vials. Current surface cleaning routines do not sufficiently reduce spills and leakage regardless of source.