Naturally resonant two-mediator model of self-interacting dark matter with decoupled relic abundance

Abstract We propose a minimal, fully thermal mechanism that resolves the long-standing tension between achieving the observed dark-matter relic abundance and explaining the astrophysical signatures of self-interactions. The framework introduces two mediators: a light scalar φ (MeV scale) that yields the required, velocity-dependent self-interactions, and a heavy scalar resonance <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (TeV scale) with mass <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that opens an s -channel resonant annihilation during freeze-out. This clearly decouples early-Universe annihilation from late-time halo dynamics. A detailed numerical analysis identified a narrow predictive island of viability. A representative benchmark with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>600</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> MeV, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>≃</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV reproduces the relic density and yields <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> – <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at dwarf-galaxy velocities while satisfying cluster bounds. The model makes sharp, testable predictions: a narrow <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> resonance near 1.2 TeV within HL-LHC reach, and a spin-independent direct-detection signal <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>SI</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>48</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> within next-generation sensitivity. As an optional UV completion, we show that walking

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Journal
Classical and Quantum Gravity
Published
2025-10-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae16f9
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Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
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article

Naturally resonant two-mediator model of self-interacting dark matter with decoupled relic abundance

Martin Drobczyk
Classical and Quantum Gravity
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
article

Naturally resonant two-mediator model of self-interacting dark matter with decoupled relic abundance

Martin Drobczyk
article en

Abstract

Abstract We propose a minimal, fully thermal mechanism that resolves the long-standing tension between achieving the observed dark-matter relic abundance and explaining the astrophysical signatures of self-interactions. The framework introduces two mediators: a light scalar φ (MeV scale) that yields the required, velocity-dependent self-interactions, and a heavy scalar resonance <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (TeV scale) with mass <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that opens an s -channel resonant annihilation during freeze-out. This clearly decouples early-Universe annihilation from late-time halo dynamics. A detailed numerical analysis identified a narrow predictive island of viability. A representative benchmark with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>600</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> MeV, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>≃</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV reproduces the relic density and yields <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> – <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at dwarf-galaxy velocities while satisfying cluster bounds. The model makes sharp, testable predictions: a narrow <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> resonance near 1.2 TeV within HL-LHC reach, and a spin-independent direct-detection signal <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>SI</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>48</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> within next-generation sensitivity. As an optional UV completion, we show that walking

Classical and Quantum GravityVol. 42(22)
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
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Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
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