Optimizing the entropy and heat transfer rates statistically by response surface methodology in thermal stratified convective systems using hybrid nanofluids with slip conditions

Abstract This study thoroughly examines a complex fluid flow problem, integrating entropy optimization, heat source/sink effects, and radiation. Considering slip and convective boundary conditions, the study focuses on a comprehensive numerical investigation of hybrid nanofluids' heat transfer characteristics within convective systems. The hybrid nanofluids, composed of H 2 O as the base fluid and nanoparticles such as Fe 3 O 4 and Ag, exhibit unique thermal properties that significantly enhance heat transfer efficiency. The magnetite and silver nanoparticles contribute stability and a substantial increase in thermal performance. The incorporation of velocity slip at the boundary, along with convective boundary conditions, adds realism to the analysis. The utilization of the shooting‐based Runge–Kutta Fehlberg fourth‐order method enables a thorough numerical exploration to tackle the approximate solutions of the proposed fluid model. The insights gleaned from this study contribute to fundamental knowledge of fluid mechanics and hold practical implications for process optimization. The response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to optimize the heat transfer efficiency. The entropy generation analysis underscores the potential for reduced irreversibility when incorporating slip boundary conditions in convective systems with hybrid nanofluids, showcasing opportunities for improved thermal management applications. A strong Brinkmann number leads to greater energy dissipation and increased entropy production. Also, a higher Biot number escalates the temperature profile.