Crack propagation risk threshold of classical garden rockeries based on LEFM

Traditional Chinese garden rockeries, exposed to long-term weathering and human activities, often suffer structural deterioration. However, crack propagation risks in these heritage structures have not been numerically analyzed. This study investigates the structural crack propagation risk threshold of rockeries using numerical simulation. A damage survey and data collection were conducted on the Small-rock Mountain Adobe of He Garden in Yangzhou, resulting in a structural crack database and finite element model. Static analysis assessed crack damage and identified primary deterioration causes. Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) was then used to predict crack initiation and propagation in intact rocks, with outcomes cross-validated against observed damage. Critical propagation paths of major cracks were forecasted at different stages. Finally, crack risk levels were determined using the stress intensity factor, and thresholds for crack growth were obtained, including the corresponding critical crack size and vertical displacement, providing a basis for conservation strategies.