Trunk muscles for flap reconstruction in plastic surgeries: a narrative review

Objective. To assess the advantages and disadvantages of three significant upper trunk myocutaneous flaps: the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and rectus abdominis. Material and methods. Major medical databases were screened to identify all studies investigating all trunk muscles and their use in flap reconstruction. Extracted data consisted of anatomy and physiology of muscles, indications, complications and techniques of flap transfer and reconstruction. Results. About 53 articles were screened for review. Conclusion. The latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and rectus abdominis muscles can be used for flap reconstruction. Surgeons should know how and where to use these flaps for prevention of complications.