Evaluation of Biocompatibility and In Vivo Response of Electrospun <scp>PLA</scp> / <scp> Nd ₂ O ₃ </scp> Nanocomposite Fibers for Biomedical Scaffolding Applications

ABSTRACT Electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) fibers incorporating low concentrations of neodymium oxide (Nd 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles were fabricated and evaluated as scaffolds. Structural and physicochemical characteristics were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, and differential scanning calorimetry. Wettability was determined by water contact angle measurements. In vitro assays demonstrated cytocompatibility with L929 fibroblasts, favorable migration in scratch closure tests, and acceptable hemocompatibility. Colony‐forming unit assays with Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed a moderate reduction in bacterial counts. Short‐term subcutaneous implantation in Sprague Dawley rats indicated tissue tolerance without an acute inflammatory response, while the chorioallantoic membrane assay indicated enhanced local angiogenesis. The results indicate that Nd 2 O 3 modified PLA scaffolds maintain structural stability, improve surface wettability, and support early cellular and tissue responses. These findings highlight the potential of Nd 2 O 3 ‐incorporated PLA fibers as biomaterial candidates for regenerative applications.