Identification of Active Faults in Balochistan Using Satellite Imagery: Implication for Central Asia‒Middle East Linkages

Balochistan, a region of significant geological and mineralogical significance due to is called the paradise of geology, lies at the convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates, making it highly disposed to seismic activity. Rich natural resources in the area are vital for economic growth, especially for major infrastructural initiatives like the China‒Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the Eurasian countries to the Middle East. Infrastructure safety and resilience in this tectonically active area depend heavily on an understanding of seismic threats. With an emphasis on the Chaman, Ornach-Nal, and Ghazaband faults—which have been implicated in significant seismic occurrences including the 1935 Quetta and 2013 Awaran earthquakes—this study examines the active fault systems in Balochistan. Geological data, high-resolution satellite imagery, digital elevation models, seismic hazard, and fault activity are all used to categorize faults. In order to comprehend seismic dangers, the study emphasizes the significance of fault slip rates, geomorphological indicators (such as offset streams and scarps), and seismic history. This study contributes to our knowledge of Balochistan’ seismic hazard and provides practical suggestions for the region’s infrastructure development. These techniques can greatly enhance the evaluation of seismic risk and guide the design of safer infrastructure. Additionally, these strategies will be crucial for enhancing resilience and preparedness for disasters in seismically active areas.