Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of PM10 and PM2.5 in the Tropical Weather City Context: Effect of Environmental Parameters and Fixed-Pollution Sources

Tropical weather cities, such as Mérida in Yucatán, Mexico, are perceived as air pollution-free environments. This study aimed to evaluate the air quality in Mérida City over five years, focusing on PM2.5 and PM10 as well as spatial and temporal factors. A government-accredited monitoring station for PM2.5 (2018–2022) and economic air sensors for PM2.5 and PM10 (2023) were used. Results showed the maximum daily (90 μg m−3) and annual PM2.5 (23 μg m−3) averages for 2020 exceeded the Mexican regulations. Sensors indicated that the fixed pollution sources influenced PM2.5 and PM10. Spatially and temporally, the southwest of the city in the dry season of 2023 showed the highest PM2.5 and PM10. Tropical conditions (solar radiation and temperature) increased PM, while high humidity and precipitation decreased it. Air quality improved during the rainy season. The southwest zone had the highest density of diesel vehicles and fixed pollution sources, which contributed to the highest PM concentration. The monitoring showed that air quality related to PM in Mérida City is a concern. Local and external factors are affecting the air quality. It is mandatory to regulate air emissions from fixed sources and implement vehicle verification, even in tropical weather cities.