Alterations in inflammatory markers following cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty due to myocardial infarction

Introduction and Objective.Percutaneous coronary angioplasty, which restores blood flow and increases oxygen delivery after myocardial infarction, can generate oxidative stress and apoptosis, leading to reperfusion injury.The interactions between blood and endothelial cells can be influenced by uric acid, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The aim of the study was to assess the concentrations of uric acid (UA), pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-), advanced protein oxidation products (AOPP), and the fatty acids -linolenic acid (ALA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) in erythrocyte membranes, before and after 8 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation.Materials and Method.The study group (MI) consisted of 26 patients after myocardial infarction, aged 57.4 5.2 years.The control group (CTRL) consisted of 24 men aged 55.8 7.0 years, non-smokers, and without a history of myocardial infarction.TNF- was measured by ELISA, AOPP was measured spectrophotometrically using the Witko-Sarsat method; fatty acids ALA and ARA were determined by gas chromatography.Results.After cardiac rehabilitation, the MI group had significantly higher plasma concentrations of UA, AOPP, and TNF- than in the control group (UA: 0.29 mmol/L vs. 0.35 mmol/L; AOPP: 52.44 mol/L vs. 55.21mol/L; TNF-: 9.45 pg/ mL vs. 11.36 pg/mL).In the MI group, the percentage of ALA in erythrocyte membranes decreased (from 4.20% to 1.67%), while ARA increased (from 3.67% to 6.71%).Conclusions.Moderate cardiac exercise reduced markers of inflammation in the control group, but not in the MI group.The results may exert beneficial effects in controlling inflammatory processes and reperfusion injury of the myocardium.To manage these processes, enrichment the daily diet with omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants should be considered.