Review of radiotherapy for cervical cancer

Abstract The application of radiotherapy for gynecological malignant tumors has a history of over 100 years. The theoretical framework of radiotherapy, encompassing radiation physics, radiation biology, and clinical oncology, has gradually developed and improved. The primary techniques used for the radiotherapy of gynecological malignant tumors include external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT). Radiotherapy serves as the sole curative option for locally advanced cervical cancer and is an important adjuvant treatment for postoperative cervical carcinoma with poor prognostic features. Additionally, it provides local palliative treatment for recurrent and metastatic gynecological malignancies. Thus, radiotherapy is crucial for cervical cancer and often serves as the only curative treatment method. In the past decade, advancements in imaging modalities, computer technology, and radiotherapy equipment have led to significant improvements in radiotherapy techniques for gynecological malignant tumors. These advancements are primarily reflected in the precision and individualization of treatment, the enhancement of the therapeutic ratio, and the provision of effective radiotherapy solutions for challenging cases, such as large tumors and anatomical abnormalities.