Moth-flame optimization algorithm based optimal operation of power distribution systems

Energy storage systems (ESS) exhibit high flexibility and rapid response capabilities, effectively mitigating load fluctuations and voltage instability caused by renewable integration. This paper proposes a hierarchical dispatch strategy for active distribution networks utilizing ESS. The upper-level model minimizes load curve volatility and maximizes ESS arbitrage revenue, optimizing the total charge/discharge power of the ESS across all time periods, while the lower-level model minimizes active power loss costs. Implemented on a modified IEEE 33 node test system, the Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm solves this bilevel problem, with simulations validating the strategy's efficacy.