Analysis of common problems and optimization strategies in thermal power plant steam turbine operation

Insufficient power, abnormal vibration, overheating of bearings, damage of blades and leakage of cylinders are common in the operation of steam turbines in thermal power plants, which seriously affect the efficiency and safety of the units. For these failures, modern diagnostic technologies such as intelligent monitoring system combining fuzzy clustering and neural network can analyze the operating parameters in real time and locate the failure points accurately, while vibration spectrum analysis can effectively identify mechanical defects such as rotor imbalance. At the management level, it is necessary to strengthen the daily inspection, optimize the lubrication and cooling system, and evaluate the performance through thermal measurement. Practice has shown that measures such as improving oil filtration precision, adjusting vapor seal gap and upgrading frequency conversion pumps can significantly improve operational stability. In the future, predictive maintenance should be combined with digital twin technology, and operation procedures should be standardized to extend equipment life.