Stem cells in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the literature

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Although treatment and rehabilitation have improved, more effective therapies are still needed. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising option. This review examines its potential benefits in TBI management. Methods A systematic review was conducted following Cochrane and Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed was searched using the terms “traumatic brain injury,” “stem cells,” and “treatment.” Studies assessing the effects of stem cells on neurological function in TBI patients were included. Results After analyzing 1092 publications, only two studies met the inclusion criteria. Both showed promising preliminary results with the use of stem cells in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), both in acute and chronic phases. However, the evidence base is too limited to draw definitive conclusions. Conclusions Stem cell–based therapies may hold promise for TBI, but current evidence remains limited. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.