One Health, One Microbiome

One Health is a concept and framework for addressing the interconnected nature of humans, animals and their environments to improve the health and wellbeing of all three, along with added social and financial benefits. On a microscopic level, the microbiota is a clear biological connector with strains shared across domains (One Health Microbiome). In this review, we introduce the concept of One Health and the One Health Microbiome and discuss strain-sharing across and within domains. We also highlight its impact on the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes as well as overall microbiome diversity and resilience to climate change. Finally, we discuss critical areas for further research and conceptual development, encouraging future research integrating One Health and microbiota-AMR concepts.