Review on Toxicity Effect of Emerging Contaminants on Trans-/Multi-Generational Fish

In recent years, toxicological studies on fish exposed to emerging contaminants (ECs) have been relatively in-depth. However, research on trans-/multi-generational exposure of fish to ECs remains scarce. Limited data indicate that when parental generations (P) are subjected to ECs stress, it can threaten the normal transmission of functions in offspring, such as growth and development, reproduction, physiology, endocrine, neural, and behavioral functions. Even after the exposure is terminated, these negative impacts may persist. Under the long-term presence of ECs, the health of fish offspring may affect the survival of entire populations and the stability of ecosystems. Therefore, this review summarizes studies on trans-/multi-generational effects of ECs on fish and analyzes these research results. Based on the materials collected, more research on trans-/multi-generational ECs effects on fish is urgently needed, especially regarding the F3 generation, combined toxicity, and trans-/multi-generational epigenetic effects. This will enable a comprehensive assessment of the health and ecological risks posed by ECs at environmental concentrations to fish.