Corrosion and Soiling in the 21st Century: Insights from ICP Materials and Impact on Cultural Heritage

This paper reviews results published by the International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials including Historic and Cultural Monuments (ICP Materials) with emphasis on those obtained after the turn of the century. Data from ICP Materials come from two main sources. The first is through exposures of materials and collection of environmental data in a network of atmospheric exposure test sites mainly distributed across Europe. Corrosion of carbon steel has continued to decrease during the period 2000–2020 but corrosion of zinc only up until 2014, and the trend in zinc corrosion is only visible when examining four-year data. Surface recession of limestone as well as soiling of modern glass show no decreasing trend during 2000–2020. The second is through case studies performed at heritage sites across Europe. Risk analysis of corrosion and soiling for twenty-six sites indicate that currently soiling is a more significant maintenance trigger than corrosion. Costs for maintaining heritage sites are substantial and costs attributable to air pollution is estimated from 40% to as much as 80% of the total cost. Future directions of the program are work on effects of particulate matter, improving the scientific basis for the work, and making the monitoring data publicly available.

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Publication Details

Journal
Corrosion and Materials Degradation
Published
2025-10-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd6040054
Primary Topic
Conservation Techniques and Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Corrosion and Soiling in the 21st Century: Insights from ICP Materials and Impact on Cultural Heritage

Daniel Kajánek, Kateřina Kreislová, Valentina Pintus, D. de la Fuente et al.
Corrosion and Materials Degradation
Conservation Techniques and Studies
article

Corrosion and Soiling in the 21st Century: Insights from ICP Materials and Impact on Cultural Heritage

Daniel Kajánek, Kateřina Kreislová, Valentina Pintus, D. de la Fuente, Costas A. Varotsos, Ulrik Hans, Michael Prange, L. Kwiatkowski, P. Spezzano, Aurélie Verney‐Carron, Terje Grøntoft, Alice Moya Núñez, Johan Tidblad, Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen, Gino Ebell, Guadalupe Piñar, Rafał Lutze, John Christodoulakis, Tim Yates, Teresa La Torreta, Tiina Vuorio
article en

Abstract

This paper reviews results published by the International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials including Historic and Cultural Monuments (ICP Materials) with emphasis on those obtained after the turn of the century. Data from ICP Materials come from two main sources. The first is through exposures of materials and collection of environmental data in a network of atmospheric exposure test sites mainly distributed across Europe. Corrosion of carbon steel has continued to decrease during the period 2000–2020 but corrosion of zinc only up until 2014, and the trend in zinc corrosion is only visible when examining four-year data. Surface recession of limestone as well as soiling of modern glass show no decreasing trend during 2000–2020. The second is through case studies performed at heritage sites across Europe. Risk analysis of corrosion and soiling for twenty-six sites indicate that currently soiling is a more significant maintenance trigger than corrosion. Costs for maintaining heritage sites are substantial and costs attributable to air pollution is estimated from 40% to as much as 80% of the total cost. Future directions of the program are work on effects of particulate matter, improving the scientific basis for the work, and making the monitoring data publicly available.

Corrosion and Materials DegradationVol. 6(4)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing (DE), Université Paris-Est Créteil (FR), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR), Université Paris Cité (FR), The American College of Greece (GR), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden (SE), Building Research Establishment (GB), Emirates Foundation (AE), Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum (DE), University of Žilina (SK), Häme University of Applied Sciences (FI), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (FR), NASK National Research Institute (PL), Cenim - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (ES), National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (GB), State Research Institute for Material Protection (Czechia) (CZ), Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés (FR), Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien (AT), NILU (NO), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (CH)
Openalex Percentile: Top 63%
Conservation Techniques and Studies
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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