Modeling of Severity Classification Algorithm Using Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Computed Tomography Image Segmentation Based on U-Net with Improved Noise Reduction Performance

Accurate segmentation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) from computed tomography (CT) images is critical for early diagnosis and treatment planning of vascular diseases. However, noise in CT images obscures vessel boundaries, reducing segmentation accuracy. U-Net is widely used for medical image segmentation, where noise removal is critical. This study applied various denoising filters for U-Net segmentation and classified the severity of segmented AAA images to evaluate accuracy. Poisson-Gaussian noise was added to AAA CT images, and then average, median, Wiener, and median-modified Wiener filters (MMWF) were applied. U-Net-based segmentation was performed, and the segmentation accuracy of the output images obtained per filter was quantitatively assessed. Furthermore, the Hough circle algorithm was applied to the segmented images for diameter measurement, enabling severity classification and evaluation of classification accuracy. MMWF application improved the Matthews correlation coefficient, Dice score, Jaccard coefficient, and mean surface distance by 31.09%, 34.25%, 53.99%, and 3.70%, respectively, compared with images with added noise. Moreover, classification based on the output images obtained after MMWF application demonstrated the highest accuracy, with sensitivity, precision, and accuracy reaching 100%. Thus, U-Net-based segmentation yields more accurate results when images are processed with the MMWF and analyzed using the Hough circle algorithm.