Effect of Ultrasonic Condensation Time on Void Formation and Microhardness of Well-RootTM PT Apical Plugs in 3D-Printed Immature Teeth
Manual condensation of premixed bioceramic putty, by promoting denser particle packing without ultrasonic-induced disruptions, leads to higher microhardness. Brief ultrasonic activation (3-s Ultrasonic) optimizes the quality of Well-Root<sup>TM</sup> PT apical plugs by minimizing voids and maintaining higher microhardness, thus enhancing the apical seal. Prolonged ultrasonic activation (15-s Ultrasonic) increases void formation and reduces microhardness, potentially compromising the long-term integrity of the apical barrier.
Authors
- Krasimir Hristov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-4362)
- Ralitsa Bogovska-Gigova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-463X)
Institutions
- Medical University of Sofia (BG)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Materials
- Published
- 2025-10-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214835
- Primary Topic
- Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- European Commission