Analysis and Prospects of the Economic, Social and Environmental Sustainability Benefits of the Integrated Rice–Aquaculture Farming System in China

The integrated rice–aquaculture farming system (IRAFS), which combines rice cultivation with aquaculture, is a crucial strategy for improving economic efficiency, ecological sustainability, and social welfare. This model has been widely adopted across most regions of China, recognized for its sustainability and environmental benefits. The study analyzes the economic, social and environmental benefits of the current integrated rice–aquaculture integrated farming practices while assessing its market prospects. It identifies key limitations in existing models, particularly regarding water conservation, pollution reduction and system performance. Additionally, the study highlights future research directions and offers actionable recommendations to fully leverage the development potential of IRAFS. Through comparative analysis, this study identifies shortcomings in current water-saving and emission-reduction practices. It proposes an integrated model to balance grain production, environmental benefits, and economic returns. The aim is to provide theoretical support for enhancing agricultural quality and efficiency while promoting sustainable development.