Multilevel factors affecting mental health literacy among older adults: a qualitative study based on social ecological model

Using the SEM, this study explored the complex and multilevel factors that may influence older adults' MHL. Older adults' MHL is influenced by a combination of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors. Future studies should integrate culturally adaptive frameworks with policy-driven strategies to develop multilevel interventions encompassing interpersonal support systems, community resource coordination, and structural destigmatization programs for older populations.