Risk factors for central venous thrombosis associated with blood access catheter placement at the initiation of hemodialysis: a single-center retrospective observational study

Abstract Background Central venous catheters are primarily used for emergency hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure. Catheter-related internal jugular vein thrombosis occurs frequently; however, the risk of its occurrence and options for treatment have not been adequately investigated. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted to examine the risk factors for internal jugular vein thrombosis in 72 patients undergoing hemodialysis using central venous catheters. Results Ultrasound examination confirmed intravenous thrombus in 21 patients (29.2%). Patients taking anticoagulants at the start of dialysis and those with high intact parathyroid levels had significantly higher rates of central venous thrombosis. The most common reason for anticoagulant use was atrial fibrillation (50.0%), but the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation was not significantly associated with central venous thrombus formation. Conclusions These results suggest that thrombotic predisposition and calcium metabolism abnormalities at the start of hemodialysis are associated with central venous thrombus formation during vascular access catheter insertion.