Advanced Gene Editing Technologies for Refining Precision Medicine: Revolutionizing Therapeutic Potential by Non-viral and Viral Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract: Precision medicine seeks to transform healthcare by offering customized care based on a person's lifestyle, environment, and genetic makeup. Precision medicine has expanded its poten-tial by combining cutting-edge targeted drug delivery systems with gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9, enabling unmatched specificity and efficacy in treating complex disorders. This review examines how these two innovative methods work together, highlighting their impact on tailored therapies. Using gene editing technologies, genetic material can be precisely altered to provide therapeutic solutions for cancer, hereditary disorders, and other genetically based ail-ments. One major challenge remains the efficient delivery of gene-editing tools to target cells and tissues. Targeted drug delivery systems, such as polymeric carriers, lipid nanoparticles, and nanocarriers, address the safe, effective, and precise administration of gene-editing components. Focusing on successful preclinical and clinical applications, this paper explores current develop-ments in combining gene editing with delivery strategies, with particular relevance to rare diseas-es, immuno-oncology, and monogenic disorder therapies. Additionally, it discusses challenges re-lated to immunogenicity, scalability, off-target effects, and ethical considerations. By examining the current state and future prospects of this interdisciplinary approach, the study highlights its revolutionary impact on precision medicine. The integration of gene editing and targeted drug de-livery technologies holds the potential to usher in a new era of personalized healthcare, enhancing therapeutic precision and enabling innovative treatments for unmet medical needs.