Pharmacodynamic Herb-drug Interaction between <italic>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</italic> and Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: This study evaluated potential pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of <i>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</i> (HRHDT) when co-administered with dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with T2DM receiving both HRHDT and dapagliflozin were assessed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-h postprandial glucose (PP2), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and after co-administration. Liver enzymes and renal function parameters were evaluated for safety. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on insulin use and other oral hypoglycemic agents.Results: Twenty patients with T2DM co-administering HRHDT and dapagliflozin were included. No significant changes were observed in FBS, PP2, or HbA1c after HRHDT co-administration. Subgroup analyses also showed no significant glycemic differences. ALP, GGT, and BUN levels decreased, while other liver and renal parameters remained stable.Conclusions: Co-administration of HRHDT and dapagliflozin showed no pharmacodynamic interactions and no significant safety concerns.