Opinions on Ketogenic Diets Among Students and Academic Teachers at the University of Pécs, Hungary: A Cross-Sectional Survey

<b>Background:</b> The ketogenic diet (KD) is one of the most widely followed dietary approaches worldwide, frequently promoted in popular media for weight loss and chronic disease management, although it also has established therapeutic applications in clinical medicine. However, our previous reviews have shown that existing clinical studies and meta-analyses on KD suffer from serious methodological limitations, raising concerns about their reliability. Considering this, the present study aimed to assess knowledge and opinions on KD among university students and academic staff. <b>Methods:</b> Cross-sectional, self-developed online questionnaire was distributed to 23,330 students and academic teachers at the University of Pécs, Hungary. Data was collected in October 2024. A total of 891 responses were included (710 students, 123 academic staff). Knowledge scores were calculated (maximum 17 points, including penalties for incorrect answers) and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> Only 7.3% of students and 13.5% of staff achieved ≥60% of the maximum knowledge score. Health-related faculties did not consistently outperform non-health-related ones; in fact, some non-health-related faculties achieved the highest mean scores. Completion of nutrition-related courses and reliance on PubMed were associated with higher knowledge, while current KD adherence among staff was negatively associated. Most participants (over 65%) were uncertain about the reliability of KD research. <b>Conclusions:</b> Knowledge of KD among both students and staff was limited, highlighting susceptibility to misinformation. Critical appraisal skills and reliable nutrition education are urgently needed at the population level to support disease prevention and to counterbalance misleading claims about KD.