Bioclimatic Conditions of the Kapshagay Reservoir Under Climate Change Conditions

The assessment of bioclimatic conditions and meteorological parameters—such as air temperature and precipitation—helps identify optimal periods for various activities, considering regional and individual factors. Climatic and bioclimatic conditions are major factors influencing human health and daily activity. These factors are instrumental in determining the quality of life, the state of health, and the overall well-being of individuals. The analysis of meteorological parameters, including air temperature, humidity, and precipitation, facilitates the evaluation of climatic comfort across diverse regions. Bioclimatic studies are instrumental in identifying zones with favorable or unfavorable living conditions, a matter of particular importance in the planning of urban development and the formulation of landscaping and gardening measures. The study aims to assess the bioclimatic conditions prevailing in the Almaty region. It focuses on the Kapshagay Reservoir during the period 1990–2020, applying commonly used biometeorological indices. The software product ClimPACT2, which was developed for the analysis of extreme phenomena and weather changes, was utilized for the calculations. The primary meteorological indicators, specifically temperature and precipitation, were selected for the calculation of climatic indices. The observed spatial and temporal trends of climate change in the study area were analyzed. The findings indicated a substantial increase in the frequency of warm days and nights, concurrently accompanied by a decline in the occurrence of cold days and nights. The identified trends indicate a marked warming of the climate, which may have serious consequences for ecosystems and human activities. The analysis also revealed a significant increase in total annual precipitation in coastal zones.