OR25-05 Cancer Prevalence in Acromegaly Patients: Groundbreaking Findings from the Largest Matched Cohort Study

Abstract Disclosure: H. Hagog Natour: None. S. Koeneman: None. R. Zheng: None. N. Hanna: None. H. Lavu: None. C. Yeo: None. A. Nevler: None. W. Bowne: None. Background: Acromegaly is caused by excessive growth hormone secretion leading to increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which has been linked to higher cancer risk. However, the exact cancer prevalence in acromegaly patients compared to the general population is not well established. This study aims to investigate the cancer prevalence in patients with acromegaly as compared to patients without acromegaly. Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis, we employed a multi-national, multi-institutional research network platform (TriNetX). Acromegaly patients were identified and matched 10:1 to controls without acromegaly based on sex and birth year, resulting in a cohort of 10,207 acromegaly patients and 102,070 matched controls. Demographic data cancer prevalence was recorded for this cohort, and logistic regression modeling controlling the effects of demographic and health covariates was employed to assess effect of being a case vs. a control on cancer prevalence. Results: A total of 10,207 acromegaly patients were identified (4,811 male patients and 5,396 female patients with a M/F ratio of 0.89 and the mean age at acromegaly onset was 43.18 years).Acromegaly patients had a significantly higher prevalence of cancer, including leukemia/lymphoma (OR 3.32, 95% CI 2.35-4.69, ovarian cancer (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.30-2.76), breast cancer (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.54-2.06), lung cancer (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.51-2.27), prostate cancer (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25-1.77). Acromegaly patients experienced statistically significantly earlier diagnoses for ovarian cancer (7.3 years earlier, 95% CI: -13.9 - -0.6), lung cancer (3.4 years earlier, 95% CI: -6.0 – -0.9) and prostate cancer (1.78 years earlier, 95% CI -3.55 - -0.002). Conclusion: Acromegaly remains under-recognized as a significant risk factor for cancer. In this large, multi-institutional analysis, we demonstrate a compelling association between acromegaly and a markedly elevated risk of leukemia/lymphoma, as well as breast, ovarian, lung and prostate cancers. These alarming findings emphasize the critical need for proactive, targeted cancer screening in acromegaly patients to mitigate the heightened risk and improve early detection outcomes. Keywords: GH: growth hormone, IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor IGF-I Presentation: Monday, July 14, 2025