SAT-700 Asprosin as a Novel Regulator of Body Composition and Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Individuals

Abstract Disclosure: M. Kościuszko: None. A. Buczyńska: None. K. Sobieska: None. A. Krętowski: None. A. Popławska-Kita: None. Introduction: Asprosin (ASP) a fasting-induced glucogenic hormone, plays a significant role in metabolic regulation by promoting glucose release from the liver. ASP may influence muscle mass through indirect mechanisms related to energy balance and metabolic regulation. The study aimed to assess ASP levels in relation to body weight, gender, body composition, and insulin resistance (IR) parameters. Study group: This study involved 150 participants divided into three groups: 50 with obesity (O2), 50 who were overweight (O1), and 50 healthy controls (CG). All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), with glucose, insulin and ASP levels measured at multiple time points. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: ASP levels increased with excess body weight (CG: 17.8 ± 11.0 ng/ml; O1: 28.7 ± 23.2 ng/ml, p < 0.01; O2: 42.7 ± 23.9 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). No significant BMI differences were observed between male and female participants, but they differed in body composition. Men in the O1 group had higher ASP levels than women (p < 0.01). Muscle mass was higher in men (CG: p < 0.003; O1: p < 0.0001; O2: p < 0.0001), while women had higher fat mass, % adipose tissue, and gynoid fat mass (CG: p < 0.05; O1: p < 0.0001; O2: p < 0.0001). Men also had a higher resting metabolic rate (RMR) (CG: p < 0.01; O1: p < 0.0001; O2: p < 0.0001). ASP positively correlated with fat mass (O1: r = 0.60, p < 0.001; O2: r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and fat percentage (O1: r = 0.76, p < 0.001; O2: r = 0.65, p < 0.001), and negatively with muscle mass (O1: r = -0.56, p < 0.001; O2: r = -0.34, p < 0.001) and total body water (TBW) (O1: r = -0.56, p < 0.001; O2: r = -0.32, p < 0.001), suggesting ASP's role in fat metabolism and muscle breakdown. ASP was negatively correlated with RMR (O1: r = -0.57, p < 0.001; O2: r = -0.24, p < 0.005). In the O1 group, ASP negatively correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.23, p = 0.02) and postprandial glucose at 60 (r = -0.23, p = 0.01) and 240 minutes (r = -0.28, p = 0.008), indicating its role in glucose uptake and insulin secretion. No significant ASP-glycemia correlation was observed in the O2 group. Positive correlations between ASP and fasting insulin (O1: r = 0.22, p < 0.05) and insulin secretion at 120 minutes (r = 0.39, p < 0.001) suggest ASP's involvement in hyperinsulinemia, with a stronger correlation at 60 minutes in O2 (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated ASP concentrations are linked to increased fat mass and reduced muscle mass, suggesting ASP as a marker of impaired body composition. Chronic ASP elevation may promote muscle wasting by disrupting the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. These results highlight ASP's significant role in obesity and IR pathophysiology, making it a potential therapeutic target for managing obesity. Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025