Silica nanoparticles from agave distillate for the removal of the Methylene Blue dye from water

Abstract This study explores the synthesis of SiO₂ nanoparticles using Agave distillate as a natural capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent and investigates their application in methylene blue (MB) dye removal from water. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated significant adsorption of MB without the need for UV light, highlighting their suitability for sustainable water treatment. Structural characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed an amorphous silica structure, with a peak at 2θ = 24°, consistent with high-purity SiO₂. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) further verified the nanoparticles’ morphology and purity, showing only silicon and oxygen elements. Adsorption tests revealed an increase in MB adsorption efficiency with higher SiO₂ dosages: 10 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg of nanoparticles resulted in 28%, 49%, and 86% adsorption within 5 min, respectively. This efficiency is largely due to the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged SiO₂ surface and the cationic MB molecules, facilitating adsorption and subsequent adsorption. By using Agave distillate in the synthesis process, this approach avoids hazardous chemicals, supporting eco-friendly practices. The findings underscore the potential of SiO₂ nanoparticles for sustainable water treatment applications that are both effective and environmentally benign.