Cognitive dysfunction syndrome or Alzheimer's disease in dogs and cats: prevalent and underdiagnosed

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) in dogs and cats is considered the veterinary analogue of Alzheimer's disease in humans. Although prevalence is high in the ageing pet population, diagnosis can be challenging. Early signs are often misinterpreted as ‘normal ageing’, so CDS is likely underdiagnosed and a more proactive diagnostic approach is warranted. Health and behaviour questionnaires can assist in recognising abnormal behaviours associated with CDS. Early detection is important because treatment strategies may improve quality of life and slow the progression of signs in affected dogs and cats. In addition, effective options such as nutrition and environmental enrichment are non-invasive, relatively inexpensive and widely available.