Renoprotective Potential of Ciprofloxacin, Prednisolone, and Infliximab in Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Rats

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with systemic manifestations, including renal impairment mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation, and electrolyte imbalance. This study investigated the renoprotective potential of ciprofloxacin, prednisolone, and infliximab in rats with acetic acid–induced UC. Fifty male Sprague–Dawley rats (180–200 g) were divided into five groups (n = 10): control, UC control, UC + ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg, p.o.), UC + prednisolone (4 mg/kg, p.o.), and UC + infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.). UC was induced by rectal instillation of 4% acetic acid, and treatments were administered for 42 days. Serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed, and renal histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin–eosin staining. UC induction caused marked renal dysfunction, reflected by increased urea (+144%), creatinine (+192%), and MDA (+667%) levels, along with significant electrolyte derangements (p < 0.05 vs. control). All treatments significantly reduced oxidative stress, improved renal function, and restored electrolyte balance (p < 0.05 vs. UC control). Infliximab produced the most pronounced effect, reducing MDA by 78% and preserving normal renal histoarchitecture. Ciprofloxacin, prednisolone, and infliximab confer renoprotective effects in UC by attenuating oxidative and inflammatory injury and restoring renal homeostasis. Infliximab exhibited superior efficacy, highlighting the central role of TNF-α–mediated inflammation in UC-associated renal damage. These findings provide preclinical evidence supporting biologic therapy for extraintestinal complications of UC.