Knowledge democratization and accessibility in the Fifth Industrial Revolution: A qualitative study of sustainability in Nigerian public libraries

This study explored how public libraries in Nigeria foster knowledge democratization and accessibility within the framework of the Fifth Industrial Revolution, with a particular emphasis on sustainability. Anchored in sustainable development theory, the research explores how libraries contribute to social inclusion, economic resilience and environmental responsibility in an era shaped by emerging technologies. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through 190-minute virtual focus group discussions involving 15 purposively selected public librarians from all six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The analysis, guided by a narrative synthesis of the participants’ perspectives, revealed three key strategies driving progress: digital literacy initiatives, the integration of Fifth Industrial Revolution technologies (such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing and the Internet of Things) and efforts to expand open-access platforms. However, the findings also point to persistent barriers, including poor digital infrastructure, unreliable power supply, limited funding and skills gaps, which disproportionately affect libraries in underserved regions. The participants proposed context-specific solutions such as government investment in green infrastructure, local content development and stronger public–private partnerships. The study contributes original empirical insights to the literature on the Fifth Industrial Revolution in librarianship, especially in Africa, and emphasizes the need for sustainable, inclusive and innovation-driven public library practices that support equitable knowledge access and long-term sustainable goals.