Dosing Accuracy Characteristics of DuraTouch®: A Reusable Insulin Pen Injector

Dosing accuracy, activation force, maximum dose-setting torque, hold force, and injection time were determined for DuraTouch, a reusable insulin pen injector designed to optimize usability, across a range of insulin doses (1, 40, and 80 units) under various temperature and storage conditions. Additionally, a life-cycle assessment of DuraTouch was performed to determine its environmental impact. Dosing accuracy remained consistent across all conditions tested at each dose. Activation force, maximum dose-setting torque, hold force, and injection time remained comparable irrespective of test conditions. Per DuraTouch device per year, the total carbon footprint ranged from 482.2 g to 952.8 g of CO 2 equivalents across geographical regions assessed, and the total plastic footprint was 0.47 kg including packaging, Penfill cartridge consumption, and use of NovoFine needles. These findings suggest that DuraTouch is suitable for use across a broad range of environments, and support its position as an alternative to disposable insulin pen injectors.