Cerium Oxide Doped Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Targeted Modulation of the Myocardial Injury Microenvironment and Theranostics of Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiomyopathy

Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used anthracycline chemotherapeutic, is clinically limited by cumulative and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Oxidative stress and inflammation are central pathogenic mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC), characterized by extensive innate immune cells infiltration into the injured myocardium. The immune landscape of DIC mouse models is systematically characterized, identifying macrophages as the predominant immune subset. Based on this, a hybrid nanozyme (PB@CeO₂ NPs) is developed, comprising Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs). The PB NPs core provides magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, while CeO₂ NPs surface modification enhances immune cell uptake, promotes retention in inflamed cardiac tissue, and augments reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and anti-inflammatory efficacy. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PB@CeO₂ NPs alleviate mitochondrial damage, inhibit apoptosis, and induce macrophage M2 polarization. In vivo studies show that PB@CeO₂ NPs facilitate myocardial accumulation, reduce cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, and improve cardiac function. By integrating the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of PB@CeO₂ NPs with inflammation-mediated immune cell retention in injured myocardium, this study presents a promising nanotherapeutic platform for targeted and precise intervention in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.