In Vivo Molecular Communication through Synthetic Biology: A Case Study

Molecular communication (MC) represents a novel paradigm that utilizes biochemical signals for information transfer, presenting a viable alternative for scenarios where conventional electromagnetic communication is not practical. Despite significant advancements in theoretical models, experimental realizations remain limited due to the fundamental complexity of biological systems. Although synthetic biology provides a tool to realize in vivo MC systems, its integration into the communication field is impeded by complex biological factors and the absence of readily available design methodologies. In this work, we present a structured workflow for developing in vivo MC systems using synthetic biology. Our approach guides researchers through genetic circuit design, enzyme-based DNA assembly, and validation techniques using quantifiable gene expression outputs. We demonstrate the feasibility of this workflow through a case study, where engineered Escherichia Coli (E-coli) bacteria detect acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) signals and produce measurable fluorescence in response to varying concentrations. Our results confirm the reliability and responsiveness of the engineered receiver, validating our proposed design strategy. Importantly, this work facilitates broader adoption of in vivo MC systems and bridges the gap between theoretical modeling and practical implementation in biological environments.