Study on the drying kinetics of Rosa flower buds using different drying methods

<br>This study investigated the drying kinetics of<i>Rosa</i> flower buds (<i>Rosa damascene </i>Mill) under environmental conditions (shade), aswell asin direct and indirect solar dryers. The effects of40 C, 50 C, and 60C temperatures onthe drying ofthe buds were also examined using alaboratory cabinet dryer. The drying rate ofthe <i>Rosa</i> flower buds was compared with various mathematical models, and the parameters ofthese models were evaluated. The results illustrated that drying <i>Rosa</i> flower buds under shade required alengthy period time ofapproximately 13 days. Incontrast, utilising solar dryers significantly reduced the drying period time for <i>Rosa</i> flower buds. Also, compared tothe ambient drying method, the use ofindirect solar dryers had the most substantial effect ondecreasing the drying period time ofthe buds up to86.6%. Furthermore, applying atemperature of60C inthe laboratory dryer reduced the drying time ofthe buds by76.2% compared toatemperature of40C. The Midilli etal. model (MDM), Page model (PM) and approximate diffusion model (ADM) demonstrated agood fit with the experimental data and can beemployed torepresent the drying behaviour of<i>Rosa</i> flower buds. The effective ofmoisture diffusivity of<i>Rosa</i> flower buds during drying was found tobe inarange from 6.87 10^–12 to1.89 10^–10m²·s^–1 and the activation energy values were determined as65.30 and 72.80 kJ∙mol^–1 for buds which were dried inthe laboratory cabinet dryer and those dried using the ambient and solar dryer methods, respectively.