Efficacy of Three Variants of Dioscorea bulbifera L. Leaf Extract as Termiticides to Control the Dry Wood Termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light)

The leaves of <em>Dioscorea bulbifera</em> L. have chemical compounds that have the potential as bioinsecticides. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of polar, semi-polar, and non-polar fractions in <em>D. bulbifera</em> leaf extract as bioinsecticides. The research design used was a Factorial, Completely Randomized Design consisting of two factors with five repetitions using the contact method against <em>Cryptotermes cynocephalus</em>. The first factor was the type of solvent: non-polar solvents, semi-polar solvents, and polar solvents. The second factor was concentration, with a range of 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, and 1%. Based on the results, the <em>D. bulbifera</em> leaves in the polar fraction contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, triterpenoids, and saponins. The semi-polar fraction contains alkaloids, phenols, and steroids. The non-polar fraction contains alkaloids, phenols, and triterpenoids. GC-MS identification showed 20 metabolite compounds as potential as botanical insecticides. The highest termite mortality was in the non-polar fraction, with a 4% concentration of 32.80% (equivalent to a corrected mortality of 27.58%). The semi-polar fraction (3.20 g and 15.10%) at a concentration of 5% (2.58 g and 12.19%), showed the best reduction in test weight and degree of damage. This result indicates that <em>D. bulbifera</em> is an effective bioinsecticide in the repellent group.