Accessibility and difficulties of COVID-19-related healthcare services for Vietnamese migrants in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey

Despite high self-reported accessibility to COVID-19-related healthcare services, unmet needs for general healthcare persisted among one-fourth of the participants. These challenges were influenced by individual and structural factors, particularly language, education, and system navigation. Tailored interventions such as multilingual support, simplified administrative processes, and enhanced community outreach are essential to address disparities for Vietnamese migrants. These findings underscore the importance of integrating migrants into health systems and preparedness frameworks to ensure equitable healthcare access during future health emergencies.