Examining the Correlation between Fertility Intentions, Reproductive Health, and Health Literacy in Postnatal Women in Zabol, Iran

Background and aims: Fertility is a critical factor influencing population growth and is shaped by various social, economic, and cultural determinants. Health literacy and reproductive health are significant contributors to fertility desires. This study aims to examine the relationship between fertility desire, reproductive health, and health literacy among women in Zabol, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved 300 women who had recently given birth in the Labor, Delivery, and Recovery (LDR) unit of Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol, Iran. Data were collected using a personal characteristics questionnaire, the fertility desire questionnaire, a reproductive health questionnaire, and the Health Literacy Index Assessment (HLIA) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and One-Way ANOVA. Results: The results indicated that the mean age of the participants was 25.24±5.18 years. Significant negative correlations were identified between reproductive health and fertility desire (R=-0.126, P=0.02) as well as between health literacy and fertility desire (R=-0.216, P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between health literacy and reproductive health (R=0.51, P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that higher levels of health literacy and reproductive health are associated with lower fertility desires among women in Zabol. This trend indicates a shift toward informed and responsible childbearing. Enhancing health literacy may improve reproductive decision-making and maternal and child health outcomes.