Examining the Effect of Needs-Based Education on the Knowledge of Patients Undergoing Oral Anticoagulant Therapy

Background and aims: Anticoagulant medications are widely utilized for both preventive and therapeutic purposes in medical practice, particularly in the management of coronary artery disorders. However, their use is associated with an increased risk of bleeding complications. Conversely, education tailored to patients’ levels of understanding has been shown to influence rates of hospital readmission and the occurrence of complications related to medication use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of needs-based education on the knowledge of patients receiving oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach, including a control group. Conducted in 2024, it involved 70 patients receiving OAC medications. Sampling was executed using a convenience method followed by block randomization. The intervention group received needs-based education through educational pamphlets and face-to-face instruction. Data collection instruments included a demographic information form and a drug knowledge questionnaire, administered before and six weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 19, applying appropriate statistical tests. Results: Prior to the intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding demographic characteristics or mean drug knowledge scores (P>0.05). The pre-intervention drug knowledge scores for the intervention and control groups were 20.58±8.97 and 24.94±9.46, respectively, with no significant difference noted (P=0.054). Post-intervention, the mean drug knowledge scores increased to 30.85±7.45 in the intervention group and 25.37±8.58 in the control group, demonstrating a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.006). Conclusion: Needs-based education is effective in enhancing knowledge about OACs and promoting medication adherence. It is recommended that educational programs be designed based on patient needs to ensure they are engaging and informative, thereby fostering motivation and enthusiasm for learning among patients.