Policy Brief: Policy Options to Reduce Salt Consumption in Iran

Background. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, are the leading causes of mortality in Iran. High salt intake is one of the major contributors to these diseases. Reports show that daily salt intake in Iran is 2 to 3 times the amount the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Finland, and Australia have succeeded in reducing salt intake, which has been possible by implementing awareness-raising policies, modifying food formulations, and food labeling. Methods. In this study, community-based policies, programs, and interventions aimed at reducing salt intake worldwide were reviewed and discussed with the keywords "evidence-based national policy, community-based study, salt reduction, sodium reduction, food policy, sodium/dietary salt". The content of salt reduction policies in different countries was examined using the READ approach. Results. Four policy options for reducing salt consumption were identified: 1) public information and education campaigns, 2) clear labeling of food products, 3) gradual reformulation of processed food formulations, and 4) taxing high-sodium foods. These policy options can significantly reduce salt consumption in society. Conclusion. Considering the successful experiences of salt reduction policies in countries such as the United Kingdom and Finland, it seems that reducing salt consumption in Iran requires implementing combined policies, such as focusing on public education and complementary measures (reformulation). These measures can positively affect community health, reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension, and reduce medical costs.