Thermally radiated heat transfer analysis on the viscous dissipated MHD EG-based copper-graphene hybrid nanofluid flow between parallel disks

The present study aims to theoretically investigate the impact of viscous dissipation on the behavior of heat transfer in the flow of ethylene glycol (EG)-based Graphene–Copper hybrid nanofluid (HNF). Furthermore, the nanofluid is assumed to be flowing through a channel of squeezing parallel disks under the combined effects of thermal radiation and external magnetic field. Moreover, it is considered that the impermeable upper disk approaches and dilates from the stationary lower porous disk through which the injection or suction takes place. The non-linear conservation equations that govern the flow and heat are translated into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity transformations. Further, the obtained ODEs are approached by an elegant semi-analytical technique, the Homotopy perturbation method, in order to attain an approximate solution. In addition to the semi-analytical solution, the considered model is approached by the 4th order Runge–Kutta method, a well-known numerical technique, in order to compare the solutions obtained by two independent techniques. This investigation mainly highlights on analyzing the velocity distribution profile, coefficient of skin friction, temperature field, and Nusselt number for distinct pertinent physical parameters. From the figures, it is derived that the temperature profile rises with an increment in the Eckert number. However, it is noticed that a rise in the radiation parameter results in the temperature distribution to retard as the disks dilate in the suction case. Furthermore, it is perceived from the tables that the magnitude of the Nusselt number increases with elevation in the radiation parameter. Moreover, it can be concluded from the results that the solutions obtained from the two techniques are in good harmony.