GGE biplot analysis of aromatic rice yield stability and adaptability in Texas

Abstract Aromatic rice ( Oryza sativa ) cultivation is economically essential, but its successful production depends on genotype adaptability and stability across different environments. In Texas, where environmental conditions can vary substantially between regions, it is essential to develop aromatic rice varieties that deliver high yields and maintain stability in diverse growing conditions. This study aimed to assess the performance and adaptability of 120 aromatic rice genotypes across two distinct environments, Beaumont and Eagle Lake, and to identify superior genotypes for each location. The study was conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Beaumont and Eagle Lake, TX, and was motivated by the need to develop rice varieties with improved yield and stability under diverse environmental conditions. We assessed diverse morphological and agronomic traits and used genotype main effect plus genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis to elucidate genotype–environment interactions. Our results revealed significant variations in several characteristics, including days to heading, plant height, and grain yield, among genotypes and across locations. GGE biplot analysis allowed us to identify the best‐performing genotypes for each environment, with G85 and G98 excelling in Beaumont and G73 and G90 performing well in Eagle Lake. Furthermore, the analysis provided insights into genotype stability, revealing G27 as a highly stable genotype with above‐average grain yield. Cluster analysis categorized the genotypes into four distinct groups based on their overall trait performance. This study highlights the importance of multi‐environment trials in aromatic rice breeding programs. It demonstrates the utility of GGE biplot and cluster analysis for identifying superior genotypes with high yield potential and adaptability to specific environments. The findings can be valuable for developing region‐specific cultivars and enhancing rice production in diverse agro‐ecological zones.