Interactions between Solar Filaments and Coronal Loops in Active Region 13229

Abstract We present a multiwavelength observational investigation of filaments and coronal loop interactions in active region NOAA 13229 during 2023 February 21–23. Our findings demonstrate that a series of interactions between filaments (F1 and F2), coronal loops, and the loop–filament system, mediated by reconnection with overlying hot coronal loops, led to the formation of a longer inverse S-shaped filament. Key mechanisms, including flux convergence, cancellation, and submergence along the polarity inversion line, drive these interactions. Photospheric horizontal plasma flows and the transverse component of the Lorentz force may facilitate footpoint convergence, enabling magnetic reconnection and structural reorganization. The nonlinear force-free field extrapolations indicate that magnetic reconnections likely occur at the interface of loop–loop or filament–loop that drive the formation of large-scale filament systems.