FEAST: JWST Uncovers the Emerging Timescales of Young Star Clusters in M83

Abstract We present JWST NIRCam observations of the emerging young star clusters (eYSCs) detected in the nearby spiral galaxy M83. The NIRcam mosaic encompasses the nuclear starburst, the bar, and the inner spiral arms. The eYSCs, detected in Pa α and Br α maps, have been largely missed in previous optical campaigns of young star clusters (YSCs). We distinguish between eYSCI, if they also have compact 3.3 μ m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission associated with them, and eYSCII, if they only appear as compact Pa α emitters. We find that the variations in the 3.3 μ m PAH feature are consistent with an evolutionary sequence where eYSCI evolve into eYSCII and then optical YSCs. This sequence is clear in the F300M​​​​​​−F335M (tracing the excess in the 3.3 μ m PAH feature) and the F115W−F187N (tracing the excess in Pa α ) colors, which become increasingly bluer as clusters emerge. The central starburst stands out as the region where the most massive eYSCs are currently forming in the galaxy. We estimate that only about 20% of eYSCs will remain detectable as compact YSCs. Combining eYSCs and YSCs (≤10 Myr), we recover an average clearing timescale of 6 Myr in which clusters transition from embedded to fully exposed. We see evidence of shorter emergence timescales (∼5 Myr) for more massive (>5 × 10 3 M ⊙ ) clusters, while star clusters of ∼10 3 M ⊙ about 7 Myr. We estimate that eYSCs remain associated with the 3.3 μ m PAH emission for 3–4 Myr. Larger samples of eYSC and YSC populations will provide stronger statistics to further test environmental and cluster mass dependencies on the emergence timescale.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2025-10-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae018c
Citations
6
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
6.93
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article

FEAST: JWST Uncovers the Emerging Timescales of Young Star Clusters in M83

Daniela Calzetti, Thomas S. -Y. Lai, Varun Bajaj, Elena Sabbi et al.
6 citations
The Astrophysical Journal
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
6.93
article

FEAST: JWST Uncovers the Emerging Timescales of Young Star Clusters in M83

Daniela Calzetti, Thomas S. -Y. Lai, Varun Bajaj, Elena Sabbi, Kelsey E. Johnson, Anne S. M. Buckner, J. E. Ryon, Benjamin Gregg, Matteo Messa, Bruce G. Elmegreen, A. Duarte-Cabral, Göran Östlin, Angela Adamo, Kathryn Grasha, Alex Pedrini, Arjan Bik, J. S. Gallagher, L. J. Smith, Sean T. Linden, M. Tosi, Ahmad A. Ali, Eric P. Andersson, Helena Faustino Vieira, Giacomo Bortolini, Drew Lapeer, Alice Knutas
article en
6 citations

Abstract

Abstract We present JWST NIRCam observations of the emerging young star clusters (eYSCs) detected in the nearby spiral galaxy M83. The NIRcam mosaic encompasses the nuclear starburst, the bar, and the inner spiral arms. The eYSCs, detected in Pa α and Br α maps, have been largely missed in previous optical campaigns of young star clusters (YSCs). We distinguish between eYSCI, if they also have compact 3.3 μ m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission associated with them, and eYSCII, if they only appear as compact Pa α emitters. We find that the variations in the 3.3 μ m PAH feature are consistent with an evolutionary sequence where eYSCI evolve into eYSCII and then optical YSCs. This sequence is clear in the F300M​​​​​​−F335M (tracing the excess in the 3.3 μ m PAH feature) and the F115W−F187N (tracing the excess in Pa α ) colors, which become increasingly bluer as clusters emerge. The central starburst stands out as the region where the most massive eYSCs are currently forming in the galaxy. We estimate that only about 20% of eYSCs will remain detectable as compact YSCs. Combining eYSCs and YSCs (≤10 Myr), we recover an average clearing timescale of 6 Myr in which clusters transition from embedded to fully exposed. We see evidence of shorter emergence timescales (∼5 Myr) for more massive (>5 × 10 3 M ⊙ ) clusters, while star clusters of ∼10 3 M ⊙ about 7 Myr. We estimate that eYSCs remain associated with the 3.3 μ m PAH emission for 3–4 Myr. Larger samples of eYSC and YSC populations will provide stronger statistics to further test environmental and cluster mass dependencies on the emergence timescale.

The Astrophysical JournalVol. 993(1)
Australian National University (AU), California Institute of Technology (US), Space Telescope Science Institute (US), University of Wisconsin System (US), American Museum of Natural History (US), University of Arizona (US), Stockholm University (SE), University of Cologne (DE), University of Massachusetts Amherst (US), Katonah Museum of Art (US), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna (IT), ASTRO-3D (AU), Gemini North Observatory (US), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (FR), AlbaNova (SE), NSF NOIRLab (US), ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (AU), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (US), Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, University of Virginia (US), Chalmers University of Technology (SE), Cardiff University (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
6.93
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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