Vehicle Routing under Complex Access-to-Energy Constraints

Photovoltaic platforms enable a single agent to simultaneously act as both a producer and a consumer of power, facilitating self-consumption strategies.This trend aligns with the goal of reducing CO2 emissions and is poised to significantly transform the structure of energy markets.It also introduces specific challenges-both tactical (e.g., pricing) and operational (e.g., routing, scheduling)-related to synchronizing energy production with consumption.In this work, we address the problem of efficiently routing a fleet of electric autonomous vehicles (EAVs), using energy that is either produced by a photovoltaic platform or purchased from the general power grid.We propose an exact Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation of the problem, along with a heuristic approach that approximates the power production component of the model using surrogate representations.