Identification of immunogenic cell death signature genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: from single-cell transcriptomics to in vitro mechanistic validation and comprehensive prognostic modeling with hundreds of machine learning algorithms

We established the comprehensive ICD-based prognostic framework for HCC, revealing novel tumor-immune interactions and therapeutic vulnerabilities. This model provides robust stratification for immunotherapy selection and advances precision medicine in HCC management. Future clinical translation includes prospective validation and development of companion diagnostics, offering potential pathways for personalized HCC treatment implementation.