Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, and Musculoskeletal Pain in University Students: A Comparison of Academic and Exam Periods

PurposeThis study aimed to examine physical activity levels, sleep quality, and musculoskeletal discomfort in university students during the academic and exam periods.Approach or DesignA cross-sectional comparative design was used.SettingThe study was conducted at a University.ParticipantsA total of 227 (<i>n</i> = 199 female) undergraduate students participated.MethodData were collected face-to-face using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) during both periods. Daily sitting durations and preferred study postures were also recorded. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, with significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.ResultsDuring the exam period, musculoskeletal discomfort was highest in the back, lower back, and neck regions. PSQI scores showed worse subjective sleep quality, longer sleep latency, shorter duration, and increased disturbances during exams (<i>P</i> < 0.05). IPAQ-SF results indicated reduced physical activity and significantly increased daily sitting time in the exam period (<i>P</i> < 0.05).ConclusionUniversity students experience more musculoskeletal discomfort, poorer sleep quality, and decreased physical activity during exams. These findings highlight the need for preventive strategies during high-stress academic periods.