Dissection of the <i>Ren6</i> and <i>Ren7</i> powdery mildew resistance loci in <i>Vitis piasezkii</i> DVIT2027 using phased parental–progeny genomes and intraspecific locus graph reconstruction

The Chinese grape accession Vitis piasezkii DVIT2027 carries 2 loci associated with powdery mildew (PM) resistance, Ren6 and Ren7, which differ in timing and strength of response to Erysiphe necator. Both loci are consistent with recognition by intracellular immune receptors. To identify the underlying nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes, we assembled chromosome-scale diploid genomes of DVIT2027 and the susceptible V. vinifera F2-35, parents of a segregating F1 population. We integrated these assemblies with deep resequencing data from 8 F1 siblines carrying different Ren6/Ren7 combinations and generated trio-binned, parent-phased genomes for 6 progeny. This resolved both PM-resistant (PMR) and PM-susceptible (PMS) haplotypes at Ren6 and Ren7. Comparative analyses revealed extensive structural variation and complete haplotype specificity among NLRs, with several candidate genes lacking allelic counterparts in PMS haplotypes. Expression profiling across PMR siblines identified 4 and 2 CC-NBS-LRR genes potentially associated with Ren6 and Ren7, respectively. Sequence graph reconstruction of these loci across multiple V. piasezkii accessions revealed broad intraspecific diversity and DVIT2027-specific nodes, including within candidate NLR genes. These results provide a high-resolution view of Ren6 and Ren7 and support the identification of resistance gene candidates for functional validation and grapevine breeding.