MRS Perspectives: Neurotransmitter and Metabolic Alterations in Cognitive Decline and Mental/Neurological Disorders

Cognitive function refers to the brain's ability to process information and perform various cognitive tasks. These include sustaining attention, acquiring knowledge, storing memories, executing complex functions, accurately expressing language, perceiving external stimuli, and maintaining spatial orientation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that good cognitive function is closely linked to the balance and normal function of neurobiochemical metabolites. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), as a non-invasive and quantitative advanced neuroimaging technique, can accurately measure the concentration and distribution of neurobiochemical metabolites in the brain. This provides rich data and key insights for in-depth research on cognitive function and related clinical disorders. This paper comprehensively reviews MRS and its quantitative research on biochemical metabolites in the field of cognitive function. It aims to deeply evaluate the clinical value and significance of the metabolic substances involved in this technology for the early detection and diagnosis of mental and neurological diseases caused by cognitive decline. The goal is to provide useful references and inspiration for research and practice in this domain.